Durmitor National Park
Nacionalni park Durmitor nalazi se na UNESCO listi Svjetskog prirodnog i kulturnog nasljeđa od 1980. godine, a od 2017. godine pod UNESCO zaštitom nalaze se i stećci (srednjovjekovni nadgrobni spomenici) u blizini Ribljeg jezera (selo Novakovići) i u selu Bare Žugića.
Durmitor is a mountain and national park in Montenegro. The highest peak is Bobotov's Kuk 2,523 meters high. It is believed that the name Durmitor comes from the Celtic words “dru mi tore” which mean „water under the stone.” The areas of Durmitor, a rare and authentic work of nature in terms of beauty and intactness, were declared a National Park in 1952. Located in the northwest of Montenegro, the Park encompasses the main massif of Durmitor with Tara canyons, Dear i Susice and the upper part of the canyon valley Mosquito nets, occupying an area of 39,000 ha.
The main feature of the relief of the Durmitor area is a vast plateau at 1500 meters above sea level, which is intersected by deep canyon valleys and from which rise imposing mountain peaks, 48 of which are over 2000 meters above sea level, and the highest among them is Bobotov Kuk with 2523 m. It gives a special charm to the beauty of the Durmitor massif 18 glacial lakes, called mountain eyes, at altitudes above 1500 m. The largest and most attractive is Black Lake. It is 2 km away from the mountain town of Žabljak, the winter tourist center of Montenegro.
The magnificence of the landscape is contributed, in addition to the beauty of the lake basin and the sparkling water surface, by the vast forest area that surrounds it and the peak of Međeda, towering above it. The forests occupy a relatively small area, but some of them are true rarities of nature, such as the black pine forest in the Crna poda locality, whose grandiose trees up to 50 m in height have withstood the weather for a full 450 years. Of the 1,325 flora species of Durmitor and the surrounding canyons, as many as 900 species belong to the high mountain flora (above 1,500 masl).
Endemics make up 151% of the total high-mountain flora, which has 122 species, while in relation to the entire endemic flora of the Durmitor massif, as many as 771% are high-mountain endemics. The large altitude range and various habitats throughout the Durmitor massif have resulted in an extraordinary wealth of flora and fauna. Vast forests, open pastures, cliffs, Durmitor peaks, and an abundance of lakes are important for the existence and richness of the animal world. In the zone of high-mountain pastures and rocky areas, a patient observer may see a chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), and the presence of a blind dog is considered a rarity.
Among the most beautiful decorations of the Park are the clear, powerful rivers that have given this area magnificent canyon valleys. The Tara River is particularly impressive, both with the beauty and movement of its waters, and the depth and landscape of the canyon, making it one of the most beautiful in the world. Durmitor National Park abounds in a significant number of cultural monuments from the ancient period to the most recent era. The most characteristic are medieval monuments: ruins of cities and fortresses, bridges and watchtowers, necropolises and monastery complexes in the Tara River valley.
Sva raskoš prirodnih lepota, ambijentalnih i kulturnih vrijednosti Durmitora i reke Tare, preovladala je da se Nacionalni park Durmitor uvrsti u spisak Svetske kulturne i prirodne baštine, odlukom Međunarodnog komiteta za Svetsku kulturnu i prirodnu baštinu, u Parizu 1980. godine, dok je reka Tara i njena kanjonska dolina, UNESKO-vim programom Čovek i biosfera 1977. godine uvrštena u svetske ekološke rezervate biosfere. Kanjon Tare, kao jedinstvena pojava po svojoj dubini od 1.000, a mestimično i 1.300 m, svrstava se odmah iza Velikog kanjona rijeke Kolorado u SAD.. Na dijelu toka kroz Nacionalni park Durmitor, rijeka Tara ima prosječan pad od 3,6 m/km, pa se formiraju bukovi i brzaci koji su svojom ljepotom upotpunili ambijent netaknute prirode.
Seven areas of the Durmitor National Park are under a special protection regime and are specific: the spruce and fir rainforest in the Mlinsko potok basin, the black pine complex on Crni podi in the Tara canyon, Black Lake with forest in the immediate vicinity, valley Škrčkih jezera and the narrower area of Sušice canyon, Lake Barno with the closest environment, Zaboj Lake with the surrounding area and the narrow canyon valley of the Tara River.
Check out the Durimitor National Park website.
Zanimljivosti / Životinjski svijet
Živi svijet Durmitora je planinski i visoko planinski, sa prisustvom ravničarskih vrsta. U NP Durmitor do sada je registrovano preko 1.000 vrsta insekata od kojih su mnoge endemične i zakonom zaštićene.
Na Durmitoru živi i 52 vrste sisara, kao što su: medvjed, vuk, divokoza, srna, divlja svinja, lisica, lasica, kuna, tvor, jazavac, divlja mačka, vidra, jež, rovke, krtice, zec, vjeverica, voluharica, šumski miš, puh.
Zanimljivosti / Biljni svijet
Zahvaljujući fizičko-geografskim faktorima, na Durmitoru je formiran raznovrsni vegetacijski pokrivač. Na Durmitoru raste oko 1.600 biljnih vrsta, među kojima ima veliki broj endemičnih, rijetkih i zaštićenih vrsta.
Šume zauzimaju 34,5% ukupne površine parka. Poseban raritet je šuma crnog bora na lokalitetu Crna poda — grandiozna stabla visine do 50 m odoljevaju vremenu punih 450 godina.
Zanimljivosti / Info o Tari
Tara je najduža rijeka u Crnoj Gori (145km), sa najdubljim kanjonom u Evropi (1333m). Zbog veličanstvenosti i izuzetne ljepote kanjon Tare je 1967. godine proglašen Prirodnim spomenikom, a u ekološke rezervate UNESCO-a programa Čovjek i bisfera (MAB) upisan je 1977. godine.
Kanjon, dužine 82 km, naseljava 1.300 vrsta biljaka, među kojima je veliki broj rijetkih, endemičnih i reliktnih vrsta, kao i brojni i raznovrsni predstavnici faune.
Putem sljedećih linkova možete kupiti online ulaznicu za Nacionalni Park Durmitor”, kao i godišnju ulaznicu za sve Parkove u Crnoj Gori:
Godišnje karte za nacionalne parkove: https://buy.prestopay.me/p/PYB4LG
Nacionalni park Durmitor: https://buy.prestopay.me/p/5CXWLO
